Describe

1. An accurate use of words improves our thinking. Words give form to our thoughts so that we can make use of them. Words enable us to communicate with others and ourselves. Knowing the words for things and experiences helps us see and perceive more.

2. Writing helps us learn more about words and how to use them. When we struggle to select words that will describe our experiences, we realize that words are only translations of experience and not the experience itself.

3. Clear thinking depends on a clear understanding of the words we use. Word confusion leads to less consciousness, or disequilibrium, which can only be restored through word clarification.

4. We need to understand what dictionaries can and cannot offer us; we need to use them skillfully and frequently.

5. The thesaurus helps us when we are writing and translating nonverbal experiences and ideas into words; the dictionary helps us when we are reading and interpreting the words of others.

6. Definitions set boundaries for word ideas and show us their specific and general characteristics and how they are related to or distinguished from one another.

7. Dictionary definitions show us the agreements that society has made about a word's meaning. Butwe may also compose our own personal or stpulative definitions of experiences or compose persuasive definitions to sway the opinions of others. In critical thinking it is important not to confuse these different kinds of definitions, or to believe that personal, persuasive, or stipulative definitions carry the same agreements as those found in a dictionary.

8. The test of our understanding of a word is our ability to define it. This ability is particularly important for words representing key ideas that we wish to explain or defend. Taking the itme to define the words we use is an essential prliminary to genuine communication.

9. A study of a word's etymology can help us trace a word back to its earliest root idea and can give us an image that conveys a more concrete sense of the word's logic. Learning a word's etymology can also help us recognize its relationship to ohter words with the same root meanings.

10. The connotations of a word are its associative meanings, which can be positive, negative, or neutral. These associations can take the form of feelings, ideas, images, or thoughts. Thus, although politicians might rarely admit to lying or being confused, it is quite acceptable for them to admit they misspoke.

11. The first stage of critical reading is objective receptivity to the material; this means haveing the technical ability as well as the willingness to accurately reproduce its content without alterations or distortions. If we question and interact with material that we have not accurately interpreted, our criticisms will not be fair or worthwhile.

1. When Frederick Douglass grasped the concept of abolition,he understood it was possible for him to become free.
False
2. Words can be used to do a better or worse job of describing experiences but can never be more than translations of the experiences themselves.
False
3. A dictionary can help us think better when we use it to clear up word confusion.
True
4. Definitions of a word show the word's boundaries.
True
5. Knowing the words for things helps us see them better.
True
6. We do not fully understand a word unless we can define it.
True
7. When people debate a tropic, understanding is greatly helped by their taking the time to define the key terms
True
8. Etymology gives us word histories.
True
9. Pocket dictionaries are sufficient guides for a critical study of word meanings.
False
10. The word ohm comes from the Sanskrit language and means the sound of creation.
True
11. According to most dictionaries, there is more than one acceptable spelling of the word cooperate.
True
12. The term French leave means to say good-bye with a big kiss.
False
13. The prefix in the words insignificant and inflammable means not in Latin.
True
14. The following words all contain the sound called a schwa; mass, polite, placement, bogus, visible.
False
15. The word nausea can be pronounced at least three different ways.
False
16. The word round can function as six different parts of speech; adjective, noun, transitive and intransitive verb, adverb, and preposition.
False
17. Egregious comes from a Latin word meaning standing out from the herd.
True
18. The word nadir in the phrase "the nadir of politics" means the highest point.
False
19. A cogent argument is a convincing one.
True
20. The words decimate means to dice something up into pieces.
True

observation

1. Observation is a process of sensing, perceiving, and thinking. Sensing is collecting data through the sense organs. Perceiving is holding sense data in consciousness until we can categorize and interpret it. Thinking organizes our perceptions.

2. Careful observation requires us to stay awake, take our time, give full attention, and suspend thinkning in an attitude of listening. and Careful observation can help us see detials that contain the key to unlocking problems or arriving at insights. It can also help us discover new knowledge.

3. The rewards of cultivating observation skills are self-understanding, creativity,m rapture, power, and wonder.

P38 Chapter Quiz
1. Observation skills are learned mainly through book learning. Support for Answers. On the contrary, observation is learned from participation, which is more active and spontaneous than reading. Samuel Scudder learned observing through the active coaching of his teacher Agassiz as well as from his own efforts, curiosity, and persistence in studying his fish.
False
2. The standard academic study of all the physical sciences requires observation skills, whether in the field or laboratory.
True
3. In thinking, the correctness of our conclusions usually depends on the clarity of our perceptions.
True
4. Observation skills can be extended to observing how you observe.
True
5. An insight is an experience of understanding that can occur spontaneously after we observe something intently for a while. One illustration of this experience is the story of Archimedes, who, while in his bath, discovered the means of measuring the value of an irregular solid by the displacement of water.
True
6. Agassiz was simply too busy to give his student all the assistance he needed.
False
7. Perception and sensation are synonyms.
True
8. It is difficult to feel sensation and to think at the same time. If we want to feel whether a pair of new shoes fits properly, we have to pay attention.
True
9. Assimilation, according to Piaget, is an experience of easily understanding something that readily fits into our preexisting schemes or world view.
True
10. The word thinking, according to the dictionary, has only one meaning.
False

where do you stand?

Feet: what do I stand for as a foundation of critical thinking?
I am always learning and improving my critical thinking.
Stomach: What upsets me about critical thinking?
I cannot criticise deeply with other people on some special topic.
Heart: what do I love about critical thinking?
Ctitical thinking can help me to improve my communication skills and solve problem on critical ways. not only in business but in social life I also can be help by that.
Hands: What do I feel about critical thinking?
Critical thinking is very useful class, especially in business world. How to think solution of problem with right way that will help me a lot in the future.
Ears: What do I hear about critical thinking?
Everything has two sides. That's what I hear about critical thinking.
Eyes: What do I see about critical thinking?
From my friends, classmates and parents, I can see about critical thinking. how to solve the problem and make a good relationship with them.

brand new

this is my first time to write my blog. that's cool!!!!